Bottom-up Policy Optimization: Your Language Model Policy Secretly Contains Internal Policies

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Cite this paper

@article{yuqiao2026,
  title = {Bottom-up Policy Optimization: Your Language Model Policy Secretly Contains Internal Policies},
  author = {Tan, Yuqiao and Wang, Minzheng and He, Shizhu and Liao, Huanxuan and Zhao, Chengfeng and Liang, Tian and Zhao, Jun and Liu, Kang},
  journal = {Proceedings of the 2026 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  year = {2026},
  month = {Jan},
  doi = {10.18653/2026.emnlp-main.1173},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.18653/2026.emnlp-main.1173},
}