Artificial intelligence adoption in the physical sciences, natural sciences, life sciences, social sciences and the arts and humanities: A bibliometric analysis of research publications from 1960-2021
Analysing historical patterns of artificial intelligence (AI) adoption can inform decisions about AI capability uplift, but research to date has provided a limited view of AI adoption across...
MultiADE: A Multi-domain Benchmark for Adverse Drug Event Extraction
Active adverse event surveillance monitors Adverse Drug Events (ADE) from different data sources, such as electronic health records, medical literature, social media and search engine logs. Over...
An Effective Transition-based Model for Discontinuous NER
Unlike widely used Named Entity Recognition (NER) data sets in generic domains, biomedical NER data sets often contain mentions consisting of discontinuous spans. Conventional sequence tagging...
AskBeacon -- Performing genomic data exchange and analytics with natural language
Enabling clinicians and researchers to directly interact with global genomic data resources by removing technological barriers is vital for medical genomics. AskBeacon enables Large Language...
Cost-effective Selection of Pretraining Data: A Case Study of Pretraining BERT on Social Media
Recent studies on domain-specific BERT models show that effectiveness on downstream tasks can be improved when models are pretrained on in-domain data. Often, the pretraining data used in these...
NNE: A Dataset for Nested Named Entity Recognition in English Newswire
Named entity recognition (NER) is widely used in natural language processing applications and downstream tasks. However, most NER tools target flat annotation from popular datasets, eschewing the...
Using Similarity Measures to Select Pretraining Data for NER
Word vectors and Language Models (LMs) pretrained on a large amount of unlabelled data can dramatically improve various Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. However, the measure and impact of...
Survey of Text-based Epidemic Intelligence: A Computational Linguistic Perspective
Epidemic intelligence deals with the detection of disease outbreaks using formal (such as hospital records) and informal sources (such as user-generated text on the web) of information. In this...
Figurative Usage Detection of Symptom Words to Improve Personal Health Mention Detection
Personal health mention detection deals with predicting whether or not a given sentence is a report of a health condition. Past work mentions errors in this prediction when symptom words, i.e....
A Comparison of Word-based and Context-based Representations for Classification Problems in Health Informatics
Distributed representations of text can be used as features when training a statistical classifier. These representations may be created as a composition of word vectors or as context-based...
Searching Scientific Literature for Answers on COVID-19 Questions
Finding answers related to a pandemic of a novel disease raises new challenges for information seeking and retrieval, as the new information becomes available gradually. TREC COVID search track...
Benchmarking Clinical Decision Support Search
Finding relevant literature underpins the practice of evidence-based medicine. From 2014 to 2016, TREC conducted a clinical decision support track, wherein participants were tasked with finding...
Concept Extraction to Identify Adverse Drug Reactions in Medical Forums: A Comparison of Algorithms
Social media is becoming an increasingly important source of information to complement traditional pharmacovigilance methods. In order to identify signals of potential adverse drug reactions, it...
Improving the Evaluation of Biomedical Question Answering with Few Human Preference Signals
Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems are increasingly used for biomedical Question Answering (QA). However, evaluating their effectiveness remains challenging due to the lack of reliable...